Author Boll was born as Heinrich Theodor Boll on December 21, 1917, in Cologne, Germany. After he quit the bookseller job, Heinrich began his attempt at writing. Untersuchungen zum Werk. 1921 The family moves from the southern part of the old city to the more outlying district of Raderberg. Admission is free but booking essential HERE. In his longest novel, Gruppenbild mit Dame (1971; Group Portrait with Lady), Bll presented a panorama of German life from the world wars to the 1970s through the accounts of the many people who have figured in the life of his middle-aged lady, Leni Pfeiffer. Whether you want to learn the history of a city, or you simply need a recommendation for your next meal, Discover Walks Team offers an ever-growing travel encyclopaedia. Boll has again set the story in Germany. Discover Walks contributors speak from all corners of the world - from Prague to Bangkok, Barcelona to Nairobi. Heinrich Bll was courageous to share personal thoughts on matters that affected his society such as politics and religion. Citizens have long grasped the problem. :-))) It arrived quickly, in really beautiful condition for a 2nd hand book, thank you so much seller !!! Erhard Friedrichsmeyer: Die satirische Kurzprosa Heinrich Blls. After graduating from secondary school, he began working as an apprentice bookseller in Bonn. The Friedrich Middelhauve Verlag publishes a volume of short stories: "Wanderer, do you come to Spa". Lempertz which was located in Bonn. Click here to assign a widget to this area. Since that time, much that was part and parcel of the environment in which the Nobel laureate lived and worked have undergone fundamental change. In 1942, Bll married Annemarie Cech, with whom he had three sons; she later collaborated with him on a number of different translations into German of English language literature. We cooperate closely with 16 state-level Bll Foundations in each of Germanys federal states, and we support talented, socio-politically engaged undergraduate and graduate students in Germany and abroad. 1924-1928 Attends primary school in Cologne-Raderthal. All Democracy & Human Rights News. Throughout his writing career, Boll was lauded on numerous occasions. By Heinrich-Bll-Stiftung A Timeline of Heinrich Bll's Life Biography Heinrich Bll was one of the most significant writers in post-war Germany. 14. In a chronicle with pictures and documents of the time, we recall his life, writings and interventions. 1983 The story "Die Verwundung" and other early unpublished post-war texts are published by Lamuv Verlag. Fred Hollows Foundation He was born in Cologne Germany on 21 st December 1917 to a Catholic family who opposed the rise of Nazism. The archive has a library which is open to the public. Admission is free but tickets are limited and booking essential HERE Copyright of the excerpts from his narrative work: Verlag Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne Status: 15.7.05 Such as renowned German writers Hans Werner Richter and Alfred Andersch. To cite this section They had been hiding there after the retreat from France. 8 As one of the classical musicians performing, it has been a wonderful odyssey for me to learn more about Irish traditional music from the inside, to spend time listening to the vast canon of Irish music, and to learn something of the artists who play it. In autumn he receives the notice of call-up for military service. 1924-1928 Attends primary school in Cologne-Raderthal. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1986. The uneasiness of reality is explored in the life of a mechanic in Das Brot der frhen Jahre (1955; The Bread of Our Early Years) and in a family of architects in Billard um halb zehn (1959; Billiards at Half-Past Nine), which, with its interior monologues and flashbacks, is his most complex novel. The performers include: Anne-Marie Twomey Violin / Connor Wilcox Piano / David Durham Baritone / Kate Heneghan Harp / Julie Langan Trad fiddle / Kieran OMalley Pipes/whistle / Diarmuid Gielty Trad fiddle / Alison Moncreif Kelly Cello / John Hoban musician . He worked for a company called Matth. Heinrich Bll Trmmerliteratur Sein Leben An der Brcke (1949) erste schriftstellerische Versuche nach 1945 Thema: "Wir fanden Trmmer und schrieben darber" "Ein gutes Auge gehrt zum Handwerkzeug des Schrifstellers" "Es ist unsere Aufgabe, daran zu erinnern, dass der Mensch After graduating from secondary school, he began working as an apprentice bookseller in Bonn. T +49 (30) 285 34-0 During the summer of 1951, he quit working in Colognes statistics office. Additionally, the destruction of Cologne as a result of the Allied bombing during World War II scarred him for life; he described the aftermath of the bombing in The Silent Angel. [Short stories. girl names ending in eaux; hvlp needle packing nut. One point of solace for Bll enthusiasts is the recent completion of a 27-volume collection of the. For more than 40 years, the Heinrich Bll Foundation has supported and promoted the consolidation of democracy, human rights, gender justice, ecological justice and constructive dialogue in the Southern African region. Schumannstrae 8 His first novel, Der Zug war pnktlich (The Train Was on Time), was published in 1949. She is releasing a new series this month, the Lost Night Files series. It was later translated to English as The Train Was on Time. Moreover, some of his famous books are The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum published in 1974, and The Clown (1963). Neither. Christian Linder: Heinrich Bll. Heinrich Bll Cottage The cottage is usually made available for two-week residencies. scoring heat, held in like the breath of an animal under the spell of noon. dtv, Munich, 2002 (dtv portrait). That can be awful. Later, many other short stories, essay collection, radio plays, and novels followed. This page was last edited on 25 May 2022, at 13:35. The humanity of Boll is beyond compare. Jochen Vogt: Heinrich Bll. In connection with World War II, he was drafted into military service. Another popular novel penned by Boll is called And Never Said a Word. Heinrich Boll este, nainte de toate, un umanist: rspunsul gsit la ororile cu care generaia lui a fost confruntat este credina n virtuile, demnitatea i posibilitile omului. The Heinrich Boll Foundation grants scholarships to approximately 1,200 undergraduates, graduates, and doctoral students of all subjects and nationalities per year, who are . You have it or you don't. You can't attain it. 1957 The "Irish Diary", whose individual parts had been pre-printed since 1954, is published as an anthology. Their love and married life carry a strong bond that is woven by emotional threads provided by strength and weakness. He was widely regarded as the outstanding humanist interpreter of his nations experiences in World War II. Among them: the rifleman Heinrich Bll. Four Paws was founded on 4 March 1988 by Helmut Dungler to protect animals from being farmed for their fur. That is a sad phenomenon. Rodopi, Amsterdam/Atlanta 1996. Something went wrong. , Paperback He transitioned to freelance writing which saw him increase the number of his published books. 8 10117 Berlin Location map Phone: +49 (0)30 - 285 34 - 0 Fax: +49 (0)30 - 285 34 - 109 Email: [email protected] Staff and Departments Social Links Facebook Twitter SoundCloud YouTube flickr RSS Livestream Instagram Who we are and what we want Read more Heinrich Bll Read more Organisation Read more Awards [18], Bll was deeply rooted in his hometown of Cologne, with its strong Roman Catholicism and its rather rough and drastic sense of humour. Blls wartime experiencesbeing wounded, deserting, becoming a prisoner of warwere central to the art of a writer who remembered the frightful fate of being a soldier and having to wish that the war might be lost. After the war he settled in his native Cologne. To join a university, there was a compulsory labor service one had to take. That is a sad phenomenon. one of the most powerful novellas come out of the war;In which,the chapter that describes the death of Ilona delivered such a powerful blow that it almost gives a narcotic effect on me. Much of what was for Nobel Prize winner Heinrich Bll one of the conditions under which he wrote and lived has changed fundamentally since his death in 1985. Heinrich Boll Scholarship Grant Details. He was born on 21 December 1917 in Cologne, Germany. Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web. This novel features the primary characters in the form of Kate Bogner, Fred Bogne, and Mrs. Franke. For local insights and insiders travel tips that you wont find anywhere else, search any keywords in the top right-hand toolbar on this page. Knigstein i.Ts. Heinrich Bll was born in Cologne, Germany. Reviewed in the United States on January 30, 2013. However, he also spent time on Achill Island off the west coast of Ireland. 1947 Birth of the son Raimund. Was soll aus dem Jungen bloss werden? Hardcover - April 1, 1987. Reviewed in the United States on December 26, 2000. 1964 The story "Distance from the troop" is published. The word crossover is as overworked as it is inadequate: different areas of music cannot be conflated into one thing with a piece of verbal sticking plaster. Try again. 9, Summer 1982, p. 46, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISSN0264-0856. Please try again. They put all 16 people's names into a hat. But what gives Bll's work continuity beyond the time-related aspects and at the same time is at the centre of his narrative and essayistic work is his claim to autonomy, to a free, individually founded partiality that eludes pre-formed lines of thought. , ISBN-13 Boll has mentioned the primary characters in this novel in the roles of Hans Schnier and Marie and has set the story in Bonn, Germany. The Residency at the Bll Cottage is designed to provide a secluded and private environment for writers and artists to do their work, a space where guests can be away from their usual environment and routine and can hence focus on the island as an area of . 1917 Heinrich Bll is born in Cologne on 21 December as the 6th child of the master carpenter and wood sculptor Viktor Bll and his wife Maria. Texts and testimonies on the years 1939 to 1945: 1945 birth and death of son Christoph; move to Cologne. These stories by the Nobel prizewinning German author were written between 1946 and 1952, but not published in Germany until 1983. 1958 "Dr. Murkes collected silence" and other satires are published. When he completed his high school academics, he worked as an apprentice bookseller. The Christian Democrats placed Bll on a blacklist after this incident. Im in awe of the skill of those who perform in the traditional style the mastery of instrument and idiom is something all musicians strive for, whichever side of the musical spectrum we sit on His appearance and attitude were in complete contrast to the boastful, aggressive type of German which had become infamous all over the world during Adolf Hitler's rule. Heinrich Bll Foundation ): Bll. Bll receives the group's prize for the satirical story "Die schwarzen Schafe". Further, it emphasized the encounters of the troops on the Eastern Front. One of the greatest writers in all literature. An interesting novel written by author Heinrich Boll is entitled The Clown. According to historical records, Germany joined WWI on August 1, 1914. 13. He didnt make much writing progress at the time. Heinrich Theodor Bll, fdd 21 december 1917 i Kln, dd 16 juli 1985 i Langenbroich, Nordrhein-Westfalen, var en arbetskritiker och en av efterkrigstidens mest framstende tyska frfattare. Eine Einfhrung in das Gesamtwerk in Einzelinterpretationen. The definitive short story collection by the Nobel Laureate and master of the form These diverse, psychologically rich, and morally profound stories explore the consequences of war on individuals and on an entire culture. A scris deopotriv despre "lucruri mrunte" i "lucruri mree," despre . Most of them liked his work and praised it as the best presented. Yet their living conditions were deplorable. Admission is free but tickets are limited and booking essential HERE After the war ended, he returned to Cologne and began writing fiction. In 1967 he was given the Georg Bchner Prize. The son of a cabinetmaker, Bll graduated from high school in 1937. 1969 At the founding meeting of the Association of German Writers (VS) Bll gives his speech on the end of modesty. Most of protagonists/narrators of his stories are no other than ordinary Landsers ( ordinary Wehrmacht soldiers like Boll himself),refugees, and civilians whose destiny and often tragic deaths are not consequence of thier acts but played by ones beyond their comprehension . Die Blls. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Trier 2002. 1977 "Interference desired. Heinrich Bll Foundation Schumannstr. Heinrich Bll by Marcel Antonisse / Anefo from Wikimedia Commons. [12], The 1963 publication of The Clown was met with polemics in the press for its negative portrayal of the Catholic Church and the CDU party. This includes documents from federal and regional party headquarters, as well as from the European, German, and regional German parliaments. [8], Bll was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1983 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1984.[9][10]. heinrich boll the cage. Please try your request again later. After the war came to an end, Boll returned to his hometown and started working in the cabinet shop owned by his family. Bll was awarded the Georg Bchner Prize in 1967 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972. 15. In IRISH JOURNAL, Heinrich Boll the celebrated novelist becomes Heinrich Boll the relatively obscure traveler, touring Ireland in the mid-1950s with his wife and children. First large peace demonstration in Bonn, with Bll as speaker. In particular, he was unable to forget the Concordat of July 1933 between the Vatican and the Nazis, signed by the future Pope Pius XII, which helped confer international legitimacy on the regime at an early stage in its development. barbed-wire thicket. Frank Finlay: On the Rationality of Poetry: Heinrich Bll's Aesthetic Thinking. new construction homes in kissimmee, fl under 200k. [3], After the war he returned to Cologne and began working in his family's cabinet shop and, for one year, worked in a municipal statistical bureau, an experience which he did not enjoy and which he left in order to take the risk of becoming a writer instead. Schumannstr. For instance in his book, The Clown he talked against the July 1933 treaty between the Vatican and the Nazis. Anna was born in Germany. - this will go a long way to a better understanding of the author Heinrich Boll ! Fighting against the destruction of our ecosystem, enforcing democracy and human rights, promoting equal rights for women, preventively securing peace in crisis zones - these are the goals that determine our work abroad, among others. I tried to get it in another language a bit closer to home, but sadly this particular book I was trying to find, hadn't been translated into Dutch or English for that matter. The Heinrich Bll Foundation works independently and nurtures a spirit of intellectual openness. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! He went back to Cologne with his wife and relatives. Heinrich Bll - Nobel Lecture: An Essay on the Reason of Poetry. [20] Given this connection, it is tempting to see resonances between Bll's work specifically, his surreal play A Mouthful of Earth and that of his esoteric contemporary Samuel Beckett. He was the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972. Nobel Prize Laureate Heinrich Theodore Bll (1917-1985), for whom the foundation is named, was one of the most important writers of the post-war period. 1967 Bll is awarded the Georg Bchner Prize of the German Academy for Poetry and Language. Chang Ping ( simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: , born 22 June 1968), whose real name is Zhang Ping, is a Chinese writer [1] and Curator of June 4th Museum of Memory and Human Rights. The German government has converted Bolls cottage located in Ireland into a writers residency in 1992. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. Heinrich Bll. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bll, Heinrich, 1917-1985. Despite the variety of themes and content in his work, there are certain recurring patterns: many of his novels and stories describe intimate and personal life struggling to sustain itself against the wider background of war, terrorism, political divisions, and profound economic and social transition. , Northwestern University Press; 1st edition (September 27, 1995), Language The Heinrich Bll Foundation is part of the global Green political movement that has developed since the 1980s. He grew up and was who he was and now he leaves behind stories. Blls writing also includes events that took place during the war. Heinrich Bll was born in Cologne, Germany. Heinrich Boll tells a great story. Bll's concern about damage to the environment, so evident from his play, was a driving force behind the establishment of the Heinrich Bll Foundation. Reviewed in the United States on August 21, 2022, Reviewed in the United States on June 1, 2021. Schumannstrae 8 Bll refused to join the Hitler Youth during the 1930s. While time may stand still in Irish pubs, Boll does not, and his descriptions of his various travels throughout Ireland are as vivid and compelling today as they were over 40 years ago. For Bll, freedom began in the mind. He was . Bll was extremely successful and was lauded on a number of occasions. 19 Jan 2023. Boll was even captured by the U.S. Army in 1945 and made to live in a POW camp. Because of his refusal to avoid writing about the complexities and problems of the past he was labelled by some with the role of 'Gewissen der Nation' (conscience of the nation), in other words a catalyst and conduit for memorialisation and discussion in opposition to the tendency towards silence and taboo. We maintain a world wide network with currently 34international offices. Han tilldelades 1972 nobelpriset i litteratur Biografi Barndoms- och krigsr (1917-1945) Heinrich Bll fddes i Kln (Neustadt-Sd: Ecke . A re-release of "The Essential Heinrich Boll" marks a fresh attempt to bring a seminal writer to U.S. readers By Amelia Atlas Published May 30, 2011 10:01PM (EDT) "Vermined terrain - essayistic speeches and writings 1977-1981". Heinrich Bll. During the time he served in the army, he was wounded 4 times and also contracted typhoid once. Would you like to see only ebooks ? 1939 (August) - 1940 (May) Training camp Osnabrck. Moreover, some of his famous books are The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum published in 1974, and The Clown (1963). The Heinrich Bll Foundation, Nairobi is looking for a full-time Lead Programme Coordinator: Agroecology and Food Rights Programme to develop, coordinate and manage a variety of projects under the Agroecology and Food Rights Programme of the Regional Office (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania). ", autobiographical sketch from 1981, Annemarie Bll on Heinrich Bll's letters from the war, group's prize for the satirical story "Die schwarzen Schafe", "Group 47 Prize" for his satire "The Black Sheep", 1951, About his story "The train was on time" (1949), About his novel "Where were you Adam" (1951), "In Defence of the Laundry Room - Writings and Speeches 1952-1959", About his novel "And didn't say a single word", 1953, About his novel "Das Brot der frhen Jahre, 1955, About the cooperation with Annemarie Bll, 1956, About his satire "Doktor Murkes gesammeltes Schweigen", 1958, About the debate with the Catholic Church, Heinrich Bll's speech on the foundation of Germania Judaica, 1959, "End of a business trip", satirical story 1966, About the journal Labyrinth, 1960-1962, co-edited by Heinrich Bll, About his novel "Ansichten eines Clowns", 1963, Quotes from Heinrich Bll on the student protests of 1968/1969, Justification for the award of the Nobel Prize to Heinrich Bll, 1972, "Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum oder: Wie Gewalt entstehen und wohin sie fhren kann", Epilogue to the new edition of "The lost honour of Katharina Blum", 1984. We gladly follow Heinrich Blls exhortation for citizens to get involved in politics, and we want to inspire others to do the same. That can be awful. His cottage there is now used as a guesthouse for international and Irish artists. He served in that capacity until 1951. The Heinrich-Bll-Stiftung (hbs), a non-profit organisation, is part of the global Green movement headquartered in Berlin Germany, with a footprint in over 30 countries. Based on that, A group of 16 people is choosing a chairperson and vice-chairperson. Helen Keller International He depicted the futility of war and the suffering it brings in the short story collection Wanderer, kommst du nach Spa (1950) (Stranger, Bear Word to the Spartans We) and the early novel Der Zug war punktlich (1949) (The Train Was on Time). Heinrich Bll Biographical . Heinrich Bll, the sixth child of Viktor Bll, master carpenter and woodcarver, and his wife Maria, is born in Cologne on 21 December, when wartime hunger is at its worst. [18], In 1977, after the abduction of Hanns Martin Schleyer, 40 police searched Bll's house based on an anonymous tip they received that named Bll's son as an accomplice to the kidnappers. The destruction of his hometown and his exile also had a deep impact on Boll and scarred him for life. Such as political, social, and economic accounts related to Germanys pre and post-World War II occurrences. Born in Cologne, in 1917, Boll was reared in a liberal Catholic, pacifist family. Heinrich Boll was born on month day 1884, at birth place, to Franz Josef Boll and Anna Boll (born Weis (Wei)). "[18] Bll had previously recommended Solzhenitsyn for the Nobel Prize for Literature, under the auspices of his position in the West German P.E.N. Heinrich Bll is remembered as one of Germany's pioneer post-World War II writers. You can't always be humorous, but a professional humorist must. 1970 Bll is elected President of the PEN Centre of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Heinrich Boll Foundation offers scholarships for students who wish to pursue higher studies i.e. 1976 Annemarie and Heinrich Bll leave the Catholic Church. Heinrich Theodor Bll (German: [han teodo bl] (listen); 21 December 1917 16 July 1985) was a German writer. Sponsored Ad. [6], In 1972 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature".[7]. The first name drawn becomes chair. Heinrich Bll was one of the most important writers of the post-war period. , Dimensions Together with Gnter Grass and Carola Stern he publishes the magazine "L`76". Heinrich Boll gives a revealing look into WWII from a German soldier's point of view. He was part of the team for about one year from the spring of 1937 until the spring of 1938. The novelist, Heinrich Bll got a chance to work in a temporary position at Colognes Bureau of Statistics in 1950. German Heinrich Boll Scholarships are offering scholarships rewards for undergraduate, post graduate and PhD degree levels. ), he describes the grimness and despair of soldiers lives. They are short but bitterly exact sketches of the daily lives of Germans during World War II and its aftermath. Blls other writings include Und sagte kein einziges Wort (1953; Acquainted with the Night) and Ende einer Dienstfahrt (1966; End of a Mission), in which the trial of a father and son lays bare the character of the townspeople. 1953 Kiepenheuer's first novel to appear is "Und sagte kein einziges Wort". Education creates opportunities for youth to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to participate in the economy, achieve upward mobility, and change the world for the better for all in it. How many author could possibly deliver poignant stories within handful of pages as Heinrich Boll repeatedly did? Frank N. Magill (2013) The 20th Century A-GI: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 7, "Schlndorff and Margarethe von Trotta: The lost honor of Heinrich Bll", Heinrich Bll in der Sowjetunion, 19521979, "Acclaimed German writer's archive lost in building collapse", "Heinrich Bll, The Art of Fiction No. , ISBN-10 While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This book was published by Northwestern University Press in 1994 after its initial release in 1953. Considered one of Germany's foremost post-World War II writers, Bll is a recipient of the Georg Bchner Prize (1967) and the Nobel Prize for Literature (1972).[1]. This German Scholarship is available to all Subjects and Students from all over the world.Heinrich bll Foundation Scholarship is one of the renowned scholarships in Germany.Applicants from all over the world can apply for these world-famous scholarships. Learn more about the program. Before joining the Cologne University to study German, he worked as an apprentice in a bookstore. In autumn the publishing house Kiepenheuer & Witsch delivers the anthology "Erzhlungen, Hrspiele, Aufstze". 2., berarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. 1966 The story "End of a business trip" is published by Kiepenheuer and Witsch. Heinrich Bll passed away on the 16 July 1985. Later, he also worked in the statistical bureau department of the government. When Heinrich Theodor Bll was born on 21 December 1917, in Cln, Kln, Rhineland, Prussia, Germany, his father, Wilhelm Viktor Bll, was 47 and his mother, Maria Hermans, was 40. After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. Die Erzhlung Der Zug war pnktlich von 1949, erzhlt die Geschichte des deutschen Soldaten Andreas und der polnischen Prostituierten und Widerstandskmpferin Olina. His family was a pacifist Catholic that opposed Nazism and Hitlers rise. NobelPrize.org. In 1959 he was given the Great Art Prize of the State of North-Rhine-Westphalia, the Literature Prize of the city of Cologne, and was elected to the Academy of Science and the Arts in Mainz.
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